uboot

yuanye.ma@qq.com (Yuanye Ma) — Tue, 06 Mar 2018 16:01:23 +0800

uboot

make xxx_defconfig

Top Makefile : %config

依赖
- scripts_basic
  - $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=scripts/basic
    
    $(build) 定义在 scripts/Kbuild.include中
    
    build := -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.build obj
    
    即命令展开为 @ make -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.build obj=scripts/basic
    
    编译生成了 scripts/basic/fixdep
- outputmakefile
- FORCE
命令
- $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=scripts/kconfig $@ 展开为 @ make -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.build obj=scripts/kconfig xxx_defconfig
src = scripts/kconf

kbuild-dir = scripts/kconf

kbuild-file = scripts/kconf/Makefile

include scripts/kconf/Makefile # xxx_defconfig 目标定义在这个文件中

%_defconfig: $(obj)/conf
$(Q)$< $(silent) –defconfig=arch/$(SRCARCH)/configs/$@ $(Kconfig)

$<表示第一个依赖文件， $^ 表示所有依赖文件， $@ 表示目标

即展开为 @scripts/kconfig/conf -s –defconfig=arch/$(SRCARCH)/configs/xxx_defconfig $(Kconfig)

通过对conf源码的分析，大概知道conf程序用于维护 .config ，
- 如果传入了–defconfig参数就读取 Kconfig文件生成 .config文件
- 如果传入了 –silentoldconfig （在make 整个u-boot时）则生成以下文件
  - include/generated/autoconf.h 是C语言头文件，主要影响C语言编译过程。
  - include/config/auto.conf.cmd
  - include/config/tristate.conf
  - include/config/auto.conf 被顶层Makefile包含，影响编译过程。

make

基于Ubuntu进行STM32程序开发

yuanye.ma@qq.com (Yuanye Ma) — Tue, 06 Mar 2018 16:01:23 +0800

基于Ubuntu进行STM32程序开发

platform info

Ubuntu version : Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS
正点原子 STM32f767 阿波罗开发板
st-link version : v1.6.1-201-g4bfaab0
openocd version : 0.10.0
Cross Compiler : gcc-arm-none-eabi (9.2.1 20191025 release)

install stlink driver

sudo apt install libusb-1.0-0-dev gcc build-essential cmake libusb-1.0-0

git clone https://github.com/texane/stlink.git

cd stlink
make clean
make release
make debug

sudo cp -a config/udev/rules.d/* /etc/udev/rules.d/
sudo udevadm control --reload-rules
sudo udevadm trigger

cd build/Release/bin/
echo "export PATH=\$PATH:`pwd` " >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

test

$ st-info --probe
Found 1 stlink programmers
 serial: 323f68064248323848522157
 hla-serial: "\x32\x3f\x68\x06\x42\x48\x32\x38\x48\x52\x21\x57"
 flash: 2097152 (pagesize: 2048)
 sram: 524288
 chipid: 0x0451
 descr: F76xxx

openocd

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#git clone https://github.com/ntfreak/openocd.git
sudo apt install openocd

test

将st-link和开发板相连，并给板子上电。

$ openocd -f /usr/share/openocd/scripts/interface/stlink-v2.cfg -f /usr/share/openocd/scripts/target/stm32f7x.cfg
Open On-Chip Debugger 0.10.0
Licensed under GNU GPL v2
For bug reports, read
 http://openocd.org/doc/doxygen/bugs.html
Info : auto-selecting first available session transport "hla_swd". To override use 'transport select <transport>'.
Info : The selected transport took over low-level target control. The results might differ compared to plain JTAG/SWD
adapter speed: 2000 kHz
adapter_nsrst_delay: 100
srst_only separate srst_nogate srst_open_drain connect_deassert_srst
Info : Unable to match requested speed 2000 kHz, using 1800 kHz
Info : Unable to match requested speed 2000 kHz, using 1800 kHz
Info : clock speed 1800 kHz
Info : STLINK v2 JTAG v35 API v2 SWIM v7 VID 0x0483 PID 0x3748
Info : using stlink api v2
Info : Target voltage: 3.230647
Info : stm32f7x.cpu: hardware has 8 breakpoints, 4 watchpoints

创建工程

可以直接使用 stm32CubeMX 生成 Makefile 工程。

.
├── Core
│   ├── Inc
│   │   ├── gpio.h
│   │   ├── main.h
│   │   ├── stm32f7xx_hal_conf.h
│   │   └── stm32f7xx_it.h
│   └── Src
│   ├── gpio.c
│   ├── main.c
│   ├── stm32f7xx_hal_msp.c
│   ├── stm32f7xx_it.c
│   └── system_stm32f7xx.c
├── Drivers
│   ├── CMSIS
│   │   ├── Device
│   │   └── Include
│   └── STM32F7xx_HAL_Driver
│   ├── Inc
│   └── Src
├── led.ioc
├── Makefile
├── startup_stm32f767xx.s
└── STM32F767IGTx_FLASH.ld
其中 STM32F7xx_HAL_Driver 存储的是HAL的代码，此处不再展开。
CMSIS的内容如下
./Drivers/CMSIS/
├── Device
│   └── ST
│   └── STM32F7xx
│   └── Include
│   ├── stm32f767xx.h
│   ├── stm32f7xx.h
│   └── system_stm32f7xx.h
└── Include
├── cmsis_compiler.h
├── cmsis_gcc.h
├── cmsis_version.h
├── core_cm7.h
└── mpu_armv7.h

中最重要的也是和Keil中不一样的地方，就是以下三个部分

Makefile
链接器脚本 STM32F767IGTx_FLASH.ld
启动文件 startup_stm32f767xx.s

内容都比较简单，此处不列出来了。

编译代码

$ sudo apt install gcc-arm-none-eabi

$ cd led # 进入到工程目录
$ make

烧写代码

打开openocd服务

打开一个Terminal窗口输入以下命令后回车

`1`	`openocd -f /usr/share/openocd/scripts/interface/stlink-v2.cfg -f /usr/share/openocd/scripts/target/stm32f7x.cfg`

执行过程如下

$ openocd -f /usr/share/openocd/scripts/interface/stlink-v2.cfg -f /usr/share/openocd/scripts/target/stm32f7x.cfg
Open On-Chip Debugger 0.10.0
Licensed under GNU GPL v2
For bug reports, read
 http://openocd.org/doc/doxygen/bugs.html
Info : auto-selecting first available session transport "hla_swd". To override use 'transport select <transport>'.
Info : The selected transport took over low-level target control. The results might differ compared to plain JTAG/SWD
adapter speed: 2000 kHz
adapter_nsrst_delay: 100
srst_only separate srst_nogate srst_open_drain connect_deassert_srst
Info : Unable to match requested speed 2000 kHz, using 1800 kHz
Info : Unable to match requested speed 2000 kHz, using 1800 kHz
Info : clock speed 1800 kHz
Info : STLINK v2 JTAG v35 API v2 SWIM v7 VID 0x0483 PID 0x3748
Info : using stlink api v2
Info : Target voltage: 3.239128
Info : stm32f7x.cpu: hardware has 8 breakpoints, 4 watchpoints
# -------------------------------------- 下边的内容是执行客户端指令时的输出
Info : accepting 'telnet' connection on tcp/4444
target halted due to debug-request, current mode: Thread
xPSR: 0x81000000 pc: 0x08001142 msp: 0x2007ffe8
target halted due to debug-request, current mode: Thread
xPSR: 0x01000000 pc: 0x0800116c msp: 0x20080000
** Programming Started **
auto erase enabled
Info : device id = 0x10016451
Info : flash size = 1024kbytes
Info : Single Bank 1024 kiB STM32F76x/77x found
target halted due to breakpoint, current mode: Thread
xPSR: 0x61000000 pc: 0x20000046 msp: 0x20080000
wrote 32768 bytes from file build/led.bin in 2.035821s (15.718 KiB/s)
** Programming Finished **
** Verify Started **
target halted due to breakpoint, current mode: Thread
xPSR: 0x61000000 pc: 0x2000002e msp: 0x20080000
verified 4612 bytes in 0.716718s (6.284 KiB/s)
** Verified OK **
shutdown command invoked
Info : dropped 'telnet' connection

telnet 到 openocd 服务

再打开一个Terminal窗口，输入 telnet localhost 4444 , 之后在提示符后输入下边指令

1
2
3

> halt
> program build/led.bin 0x8000000 verify
> shutdown

执行过程如下：

$ telnet localhost 4444
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
Open On-Chip Debugger
> halt
target halted due to debug-request, current mode: Thread
xPSR: 0x81000000 pc: 0x08001142 msp: 0x2007ffe8
> program build/led.bin 0x8000000 verify
target halted due to debug-request, current mode: Thread
xPSR: 0x01000000 pc: 0x0800116c msp: 0x20080000
** Programming Started **
auto erase enabled
device id = 0x10016451
flash size = 1024kbytes
Single Bank 1024 kiB STM32F76x/77x found
target halted due to breakpoint, current mode: Thread
xPSR: 0x61000000 pc: 0x20000046 msp: 0x20080000
wrote 32768 bytes from file build/led.bin in 2.035821s (15.718 KiB/s)
** Programming Finished **
** Verify Started **
target halted due to breakpoint, current mode: Thread
xPSR: 0x61000000 pc: 0x2000002e msp: 0x20080000
verified 4612 bytes in 0.716718s (6.284 KiB/s)
** Verified OK **
> shutdown
shutdown command invoked
Connection closed by foreign host.

按开发板上的 RESET 键后代码自动运行

以上3个步骤可以简写为一个步骤
openocd -f /usr/share/openocd/scripts/interface/stlink-v2.cfg \
-f /usr/share/openocd/scripts/target/stm32f7x.cfg \
-c “program build/led.bin 0x8000000 verify” \
-c “shutdown”

openocd 烧写程序的命令格式

`1`	`program <filename> [preverify] [verify] [reset] [exit] [offset]`

gdb 调试代码

由于 Ubuntu 20.04 不能通过apt install 的方式安装 gdb-arm-none-eabi , 具体安装方式可以参照这个链接

arm-none-eabi-gdb的使用方式可以参照这篇文章

安装

按照这个链接下载安装后。

1
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3

$ arm-none-eabi-gdb ./build/led.elf
arm-none-eabi-gdb: error while loading shared libraries: libncurses.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
$ sudo apt install libncurses5

启动 openocd

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$ openocd -f /usr/share/openocd/scripts/interface/stlink-v2.cfg \
 -f /usr/share/openocd/scripts/target/stm32f7x.cfg

启动 arm-none-eabi-gdb

$ arm-none-eabi-gdb ./build/led.elf
GNU gdb (GNU Arm Embedded Toolchain 10-2020-q4-major) 10.1.90.20201028-git
Copyright (C) 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
Type "show copying" and "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "--host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=arm-none-eabi".
Type "show configuration" for configuration details.
For bug reporting instructions, please see:
<https://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>.
Find the GDB manual and other documentation resources online at:
 <http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/documentation/>.

For help, type "help".
Type "apropos word" to search for commands related to "word"...
Reading symbols from ./build/led.elf...
(gdb) target remote localhost:3333 # 链接openocd
Remote debugging using localhost:3333
0x00000000 in ?? ()
(gdb) monitor reset # reset板子
(gdb) monitor halt # 挂起CPU 
target halted due to debug-request, current mode: Thread
xPSR: 0x21000000 pc: 0x080005c6 msp: 0x2007fff8
(gdb) load # 加载程序文件
Loading section .isr_vector, size 0x1f8 lma 0x8000000
Loading section .text, size 0xed4 lma 0x80001f8
Loading section .rodata, size 0x10 lma 0x80010cc
Loading section .ARM, size 0x8 lma 0x80010dc
Loading section .init_array, size 0x4 lma 0x80010e4
Loading section .fini_array, size 0x4 lma 0x80010e8
Loading section .data, size 0xc lma 0x80010ec
Start address 0x08001008, load size 4344
Transfer rate: 1 KB/sec, 620 bytes/write.
(gdb) list # 查看代码
59
60 /**
61 * @brief The application entry point.
62 * @retval int
63 */
64 int main(void)
65 {
66 /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
67
68 /* USER CODE END 1 */
(gdb) b main # 设置断点
Breakpoint 1 at 0x80005ba: file Core/Src/main.c, line 73.
Note: automatically using hardware breakpoints for read-only addresses.
(gdb) info break # 查看断点
Num Type Disp Enb Address What
1 breakpoint keep y 0x080005ba in main at Core/Src/main.c:73
(gdb) s
65 movs r1, #0
(gdb) c
Continuing.

Breakpoint 1, main () at Core/Src/main.c:73
73 HAL_Init();
(gdb) p
The history is empty.
(gdb) bt
#0 main () at Core/Src/main.c:73
(gdb) s
HAL_Init () at Drivers/STM32F7xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32f7xx_hal.c:151
151 HAL_NVIC_SetPriorityGrouping(NVIC_PRIORITYGROUP_4);
(gdb) list
146 #if (PREFETCH_ENABLE != 0U)
147 __HAL_FLASH_PREFETCH_BUFFER_ENABLE();
148 #endif /* PREFETCH_ENABLE */
149
150 /* Set Interrupt Group Priority */
151 HAL_NVIC_SetPriorityGrouping(NVIC_PRIORITYGROUP_4);
152
153 /* Use systick as time base source and configure 1ms tick (default clock after Reset is HSI) */
154 HAL_InitTick(TICK_INT_PRIORITY);
155
(gdb) f
#0 HAL_Init () at Drivers/STM32F7xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32f7xx_hal.c:151
151 HAL_NVIC_SetPriorityGrouping(NVIC_PRIORITYGROUP_4);
(gdb) list
146 #if (PREFETCH_ENABLE != 0U)
147 __HAL_FLASH_PREFETCH_BUFFER_ENABLE();
148 #endif /* PREFETCH_ENABLE */
149
150 /* Set Interrupt Group Priority */
151 HAL_NVIC_SetPriorityGrouping(NVIC_PRIORITYGROUP_4);
152
153 /* Use systick as time base source and configure 1ms tick (default clock after Reset is HSI) */
154 HAL_InitTick(TICK_INT_PRIORITY);
155
(gdb) quit
A debugging session is active.

 Inferior 1 [Remote target] will be detached.

Quit anyway? (y or n) y
Detaching from program: /home/myye/stm32f767_led/led/build/led.elf, Remote target
Ending remote debugging.
[Inferior 1 (Remote target) detached]

GDB 常用的命令

命令	作用/举例
list	列出附近代码
break main (b 16)	在符号main处设置断点（在第16行设置断点）
break info	查看断点
delet break [n]	删除编号为n的断点，不加n的话删除所有断点
step	进入子函数单步运行
next	跳过子函数单步运行
until	u 16 运行到16行停下
continue	运行代码到断点处停下
print	print a 显示变量a的值
display	display tmp 跟踪tmp，在每次停下时会自动显示变量的数值
bt	查看栈
quit	退出调试

以上命令还需要在实践中进一步熟悉。

Embedded on Yuanye Ma's Blog

uboot

uboot

make xxx_defconfig

Top Makefile : %config

make

基于Ubuntu进行STM32程序开发

基于Ubuntu进行STM32程序开发

platform info

install stlink driver

test

openocd

test

创建工程

编译代码

烧写代码

openocd 烧写程序的命令格式

gdb 调试代码

安装

启动 openocd

启动 arm-none-eabi-gdb

GDB 常用的命令